<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi,</div><div><br></div><div>first suggestion is start with "simple" calculations, then move to trickier ones (such as phonon dispersions). </div><div>Second suggestion is to follow tutorials to be fully aware of all the main issues you may face during a specific calculation.</div><div><br></div><div>This being said, some considerations about your questions:</div><div><br></div><div>i) it is absolutely "normal" that if you replicate a unit cell along one or more directions the number of bands increases</div><div>proportionally to the number of unit cells, even if you are making a calculation for a "perfect" undoped crystal.</div><div>You might want to study, for example, what happens to a one dimensional monoatomic chain with period a when you study it </div><div>in a doubled unit cell with period 2a. This is something you might find in textbooks and in web sites as well.</div><div>If your supercell is composed of N supercells of the original lattice, for each band of the latter you will get N bands of the former.</div><div>The explanation stands in the size of the Brillouin zone, whose volume reduces by a factor N. However, the "perfect" crystal with</div><div>its minimal primitive cell and the same with the supercell will have exactly the same "physics". For example, you should get</div><div>the same density of states, except for a factor N. What I've explained is generally referred to as "band folding". The change in the</div><div>volume and possibly the shape of the Brillouin zone also explain the fact that some point of the original Brillouin zone (e.g. K, M)</div><div>can be "folded" to a different point of the new Brillouin zone. In the monoatomic chain above mentioned, for example, the</div><div>Brillouin zone extremum pi/a gets folded to the gamma point.</div><div><br></div><div>ii) "<span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">I am working with the un-relaxed unitcell" : what does it mean? Did you optimize the atomic positions? Calculation of phonon</span></div><div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">frequencies is based on the assumption that the starting configuration is an equilibrium configuration, that is, zero forces.</span></div><div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">So the first step is to optimize the atomic positions, sometimes you need to optimize them also with thresholds tighter than </span></div><div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">those one normally uses to get equilibrium geometries. Starting from a non-equilibrium geometry means an unstable system and in turn</span></div><div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">this results in negative phonon frequencies. Be careful to experience the calculation of phonons on very simple systems, the convergence</span></div><div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">of the frequencies is harder to obtain than other properties, such as band structure or bond lengths.</span></div><div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Giovanni</span></div><div><br></div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">-- <br><br>Giovanni Cantele, PhD<br>CNR-SPIN<br>c/o Dipartimento di Fisica<br>Universita' di Napoli "Federico II"<br>Complesso Universitario M. S. Angelo - Ed. 6<br>Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy<br><a href="mailto:giovanni.cantele@spin.cnr.it" style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank">e-mail: giovanni.cantele@spin.cnr.it</a><br>Phone: +39 081 676910<br>Skype contact: giocan74<br><br>ResearcherID: <a href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/A-1951-2009" style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/A-1951-2009</a><br>Web page: </span><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/giovanni-cantele/home" style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank">https://sites.google.com/view/giovanni-cantele/home</a><br></div></div></div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno gio 29 mag 2025 alle ore 23:52 AMOGH A . <<a href="mailto:f20220890@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in">f20220890@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Hello folks!</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">I am having 3 problems with MoSe2.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ol><li>I got the correct electronic band structure of the MoSe2 unitcell, but when I try it for the supercell (3x3 or 5x5), or some doped version, the band plots look very "busy" and messed up (plots attached). The direct bandgap at the K-point also disappears. Nothing except <i>nat</i> and <i>atomic_positions</i> changed in the input files. Is this typical of large atomic systems? Is there a way to reduce the "business"? I read about "unfolding" the Brillouin zone but not too sure how it might help.</li><li><div class="gmail_default">I am trying to get the phonon dispersion and PhDOS for the monolayer. I am working with the un-relaxed unitcell having 3 atoms. I have been getting frequencies from -3000 cm^-1 to 2000 cm^-1 (plots attached). Can someone please tell me why I am getting such large negative frequencies and how to get the correct plot? I tried changing almost all parameters in the input file to no avail.</div></li><li><div class="gmail_default">MoSe2.dyn(i) files for some values of i, will have a string of asterisks in place of a few numbers which gives me a Fortran compiler error when I run q2r.x (QE version 7.4.1). Thus far, I have been going to the files, finding the asterisks where numbers <i>should</i> be, and replacing them with 0.000. Any idea why that happens (and how to fix it)?</div></li></ol><div>Thanks for your help in advance!</div><div><div class="gmail_default">Amogh A</div><div class="gmail_default">Undergrad student at BITS Pilani, Hyderabad.</div></div><div class="gmail_default"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">(GitHub and Google Drive links)</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><a href="https://github.com/AmoghA4/Quantum-ESPRESSO" target="_blank">Github rep containing all the input files.</a><br></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C_7zDhHir8eiHbNe2YyJhbrPSw7mSYjs/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Unitcell band structure</a> v.s. <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Dfxv2r9vj9FsLcI3cq3QVpkys2_ePyii/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">supercell band structure</a> and <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XtAbmdGoNS8EklQ6GuJADlz6fLZREHmP/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">oxygen-doped</a>.<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1plCzIl364o0ZEIkLxQujZ3Sg7hZpRHwU/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Phonon dispersion plot I got</a> v.s. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-phonon-dispersion-of-monolayer-a-MoS2-b-MoSe2-b-and-c-MoTe2-Non-negative_fig3_377939317" target="_blank">the correct one</a>.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><table style="color:rgb(136,136,136);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;max-width:600px"><tbody><tr><td><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="max-width:470px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:8px"><tbody></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div>
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