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That makes a lot of sense. I really appreciate you taking the time to explain all of that.</div>
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All the best,</div>
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Alex</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>From:</b> Lorenzo Paulatto <lorenzo.paulatto@cnrs.fr><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 29 August 2024 13:37<br>
<b>To:</b> Alex Kirkpatrick <canilivehere@hotmail.co.uk>; Quantum ESPRESSO users Forum <users@lists.quantum-espresso.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [QE-users] Pseudopotential to approximate a free electron?</span>
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<div>On 29/08/2024 14:25, Alex Kirkpatrick wrote:</div>
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You've given me an interesting direction to follow, thanks for the info!</div>
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Just for curiosity's sake, is the problem with the idea of 'adding a free electron pseudo' because it means a very different thing in QE code than 'adding a particle to the simulation that acts like an electron'?</div>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">A pseudopotential is a modelisation of the atom nuclei + the core electrons which are assumed to be rigid, and their effect on the valence atoms. It is inherently a rigid object. You choose where to put the pseudopotentials
in the unit cell, then the code adds the necessary amount of electrons to neutralize them, these electrons are free to delocalize and float around in order to minimize the total energy.</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">It is not totally completely absurd to conceive a pseudopotential like a point-charge has a negative charge, i.e. a potential of form -q/r, then assign to it the electron mass and compute the force acting on
it, but it would probably break a lot of implicit assumptions that have been made in the code. </p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">For example, I once tried to do a pseudopotential for a noble gas with zero electrons in valence, and it totally did not work properly, what you propose is even more extreme.</p>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">hth</p>
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Kind regards,</div>
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<div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>From:</b> Lorenzo Paulatto
<a href="mailto:lorenzo.paulatto@cnrs.fr" id="OWAfc91d271-679b-f52a-3d66-633ed4f6f7c7" class="x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E OWAAutoLink">
<lorenzo.paulatto@cnrs.fr></a><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 29 August 2024 11:27<br>
<b>To:</b> Alex Kirkpatrick <a href="mailto:canilivehere@hotmail.co.uk" id="OWA4f16372c-e564-15d4-8779-dd5355b94cff" class="x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E OWAAutoLink">
<canilivehere@hotmail.co.uk></a>; Quantum ESPRESSO users Forum <a href="mailto:users@lists.quantum-espresso.org" id="OWA455432ba-dea0-43f1-ebfa-dfef4c2a5e31" class="x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E OWAAutoLink">
<users@lists.quantum-espresso.org></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [QE-users] Pseudopotential to approximate a free electron?</span>
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<div>On 29/08/2024 12:36, Alex Kirkpatrick wrote:</div>
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Thanks for the reply Lorenzo.</div>
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I'm very new to all this but my thought was that, to have some control over the distance between the 'electron' and the surface, I would need to include it as a discrete entity.</div>
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<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">Hello, QE is a code based on plane waves, which means that you cannot choose where an electron goes. But I don't think you need to use an explicit electron for your task. Thank to the power of numerical simulation,
you can plot/measure directly the magnitude of the Kohn-Sham potential, (which is identical to the Hartree electrostatic potential when you go in the vacuum).</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">The procedure is similar to the one explained in the workfunction example (PP/examples/WorkFct_example) which shows how to compute the average value of the electrostatic potential far away in the vacuum to estimate
the energy required to pull an electron from the surface out to infinity.</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">Of course the procedure is not entirely self-consistent (i.e. pulling out the electron would change the potential) but for a metal it is very close, and if you really need to you can remove some amount of charge
fro mthe surface using a positive value for tot_charge</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">hth</p>
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I would then be able to vary the distance and see how things change. Is this the wrong way to go about it?</div>
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Kind regards</div>
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Alex</div>
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<div id="x_x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b>From:</b> users
<a href="mailto:users-bounces@lists.quantum-espresso.org" id="OWA9b3101a7-941e-69a1-9b52-a23539a2405b" class="x_x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E x_OWAAutoLink">
<users-bounces@lists.quantum-espresso.org></a> on behalf of Lorenzo Paulatto <a href="mailto:lorenzo.paulatto@cnrs.fr" id="OWA67f06ea4-8818-9d4a-0dd3-1067cc7c93e1" class="x_x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E x_OWAAutoLink">
<lorenzo.paulatto@cnrs.fr></a><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 29 August 2024 10:15<br>
<b>To:</b> Quantum ESPRESSO users Forum <a href="mailto:users@lists.quantum-espresso.org" id="OWAfc79ac7e-3638-a72a-83aa-493a58a71601" class="x_x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E x_OWAAutoLink">
<users@lists.quantum-espresso.org></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [QE-users] Pseudopotential to approximate a free electron?</span>
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<div style="direction: ltr;">You could, probably, but why not just use tot_charge=-1<br>
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Kind regards</div>
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<div style="direction: ltr;">On August 29, 2024 10:03:30 AM GMT+02:00, Alex Kirkpatrick
<a href="mailto:canilivehere@hotmail.co.uk" id="OWA9788a10c-3e31-f227-2b67-2a02cb7f7d6e" class="x_x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E x_OWAAutoLink">
<canilivehere@hotmail.co.uk></a> wrote:</div>
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Dear all,</div>
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Is it possible to create a pseudopotential file, or modify an existing one like hydrogen, to approximate placing a free electron in the simulation cell? </div>
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The end goal being to model its interaction with material surfaces in vacuum.</div>
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Best wishes,</div>
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Alex</div>
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<div>--<br>
<small>Dr. Lorenzo Paulatto<br>
IdR @ IMPMC - CNRS UMR 7590 & Sorbonne Université<br>
phone: +33 (0)1 442 79822 / skype: paulatz<br>
<a href="http://www.impmc.upmc.fr/~paulatto/" id="OWA70fce1ce-1fe1-a800-f402-64614ec7be7a" class="x_x_moz-txt-link-freetext x_OWAAutoLink x_moz-txt-link-freetext" data-auth="NotApplicable">http://www.impmc.upmc.fr/~paulatto/</a> -
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https://anharmonic.github.io/</a><br>
23-24/423 B115, 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris CX 05</small></div>
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</blockquote>
<div>--<br>
<small>Dr. Lorenzo Paulatto<br>
IdR @ IMPMC - CNRS UMR 7590 & Sorbonne Université<br>
phone: +33 (0)1 442 79822 / skype: paulatz<br>
<a href="http://www.impmc.upmc.fr/~paulatto/" id="OWA2d18c0fc-23a1-7abe-e13c-f65815a49a8e" class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext OWAAutoLink" data-auth="NotApplicable">http://www.impmc.upmc.fr/~paulatto/</a> -
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https://anharmonic.github.io/</a><br>
23-24/423 B115, 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris CX 05<small></small></small></div>
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