<div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div>Hello all,<br><br></div>I am trying to calculate the phonon dispersion of a monolayer MXene structure, Ti3C2O2. My input files roughly follow the recipe laid out in the following publication: <b>Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 9997--10003</b>, with the exception that I am trying to use Perturbation theory rather than a supercell approach.<b> </b>I have pasted my input files below for clarity. I am using QE-6.1. I start with a force relaxation calculation where the forces relax to<b>: 0.000039 Ry/bohr or ~0.001 eV/Ang</b>. After the structural relaxation, I perform a gamma-only phonon calculation to see if the gamma-point frequencies reproduce those shown the in publication above, and they more or less do. So I then move on to a full phonon dispersion calculation, where the dyn1 Gamma-point converges well (with conv_thr=1.0d-12) with reasonable frequencies (see below) but dyn2 does not converge unless I loosen the conv_thr to ~2.0d-8. In doing so, I get very erratic frequencies.<br></div><div><b><br></b></div><div><b>%% resulting forces and pressure</b><br></div><div>    Forces acting on atoms (cartesian axes, Ry/au):<br><br>    atom   1 type 1  force =    0.00000000   0.00000000   0.00002656<br>    atom   2 type 1  force =    0.00000000   0.00000000  -0.00001506<br>    atom   3 type 1  force =    0.00000000   0.00000000  -0.00001422<br>    atom   4 type 2  force =    0.00000000   0.00000000   0.00001412<br>    atom   5 type 2  force =    0.00000000   0.00000000  -0.00001214<br>    atom   6 type 3  force =    0.00000000   0.00000000  -0.00000168<br>    atom   7 type 3  force =    0.00000000   0.00000000   0.00000242<br><br>    <b>Total force =    0.000039 </b>   Total SCF correction =    0.000002<br><br><br>    Computing stress (Cartesian axis) and pressure<br><br>         total  stress (Ry/bohr**3)                  (kbar)    P=  -3.79<br> -0.00000053 -0.00000000  0.00000000        -0.08    -0.00     0.00<br> -0.00000000 -0.00000053  0.00000000        -0.00    -0.08     0.00<br></div><div>  0.00000000  0.00000000 -0.00007620         0.00     0.00   <b> -11.21 !! is this alarmingly high? even though the forces look fine.<br></b></div><div><b><br></b></div><b>%% Relaxation input file that give the above forces<br></b></div><div>&control<br> calculation='vc-relax',<br> restart_mode='from_scratch',<br> outdir='./out_Ti3C2',<br> max_seconds=144000,<br> prefix='ti3c2o2_phonons',<br> pseudo_dir='/qe-6.1/pseudo',<br> forc_conv_thr=5.0D-5,<br> etot_conv_thr=5.0D-5,<br>/<br>&system<br> ibrav=0, celldm(1)=5.71020728999, !celldm(3)=6.120077,<br> nat=7, ntyp=3,<br> ecutwfc=40, ecutrho=320, occupations='smearing', smearing='methfessel-paxton',<br> degauss=0.007349862,<br>/<br>&electrons<br> electron_maxstep=250,<br> mixing_beta=0.7,<br> conv_thr=1.0d-12<br>/<br>&ions<br> ion_dynamics='bfgs',<br>/<br>&cell<br> cell_dynamics='bfgs',<br> cell_dofree='2Dxy',<br>/</div><div>ATOMIC_SPECIES</div><div> Ti 47.867 Ti.pbe-sp-van_ak.UPF</div><div> C  12.01 C.pbe-van_ak.UPF</div><div> O  15.999 O.pbe-van_ak.UPF</div><div>ATOMIC_POSITIONS {alat}<br>Ti     0.0000000000   0.0000000000   2.0371640580 1 1 1<br>Ti     0.0000000000   0.5773502692   2.8897518789 1 1 1<br>Ti     0.5000000000   0.288675135    1.1845717437 1 1 1<br>C      0.5000000000   0.288675135    2.4539683895 1 1 1<br>C      0.0000000000   0.5773502692   1.6203671083 1 1 1<br>O      0.0000000000   0.0000000000   3.1916866966 1 1 1<br>O      0.0000000000   0.0000000000   0.8826244595 1 1 1<br>K_POINTS automatic<br> 27 27 3 0 0 0<br>CELL_PARAMETERS alat<br>  0.999999999 -0.000000000  0.000000000 1 1 0<br> -0.500000000  0.866025404  0.000000000 1 1 0<br> -0.000000000 -0.000000000  6.705027151 0 0 0<br></div><div><b>SCF pw.x input file nearly identical minus the options for the relaxation calc. Also MXene's of this type are metallic so smearing is used. I use the same amount of smearing as the publication above.</b><br></div><div><br></div><b>%% Phonon ph.x input</b><br></div><div>&inputph<br> !recover=.true.,<br> tr2_ph=1.0d-12, ! desired conv_thr<br> ! tr2_ph=2.0d-9, ! used for dyn2 mode 1 !! pw_forum can ignore this<br> ! tr2_ph=2.0d-8, ! for the stubborn dyn2<br> max_seconds=324000,<br> prefix='ti3c2o2_phonons',<br> ldisp=.true.,<br> nq1=9, nq2=9, nq3=1,<br> start_q=2, last_q=2,<br> amass(1)=47.867,<br> amass(2)=12.01,<br> amass(3)=15.999,<br> outdir='./out_Ti3C2'<br> fildyn='ti3c2o2.dyn',<br>/</div><div><br></div><div><b>%% frequencies from gamma-only phonon calculation (input file not shown) but conv_thr was 1.0d-12</b><br></div><div>    Diagonalizing the dynamical matrix<br><br>    q = (   0.000000000  0.000000000  0.000000000 )<br><br> **************************************************************************<br>    freq (   1) =      0.253345 [THz] =      8.450683 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   2) =      1.719726 [THz] =     57.363871 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   3) =      1.719726 [THz] =     57.363871 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   4) =      3.619841 [THz] =    120.744905 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   5) =      3.619841 [THz] =    120.744905 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   6) =      5.807810 [THz] =    193.727688 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   7) =      5.807810 [THz] =    193.727689 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   8) =      5.960133 [THz] =    198.808631 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   9) =      9.061633 [THz] =    302.263531 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  10) =      9.061633 [THz] =    302.263531 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  11) =      9.786433 [THz] =    326.440252 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  12) =      9.786433 [THz] =    326.440252 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  13) =     10.842274 [THz] =    361.659340 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  14) =     14.767962 [THz] =    492.606185 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  15) =     14.767962 [THz] =    492.606185 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  16) =     16.094128 [THz] =    536.842320 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  17) =     16.094128 [THz] =    536.842320 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  18) =     17.189295 [THz] =    573.373155 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  19) =     17.357952 [THz] =    578.998944 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  20) =     20.684968 [THz] =    689.976250 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  21) =     22.301687 [THz] =    743.904207 [cm-1]</div><div><br></div><div><b>%% Generated q-points for 9x9x1 MP grid</b></div><div>    Dynamical matrices for ( 9, 9, 1) uniform grid of q-points<br>    ( 12q-points):<br>      N        xq(1)        xq(2)        xq(3)<br>      1  0.000000000  0.000000000  0.000000000<br>      2  0.000000000  0.128304047  0.000000000<br>      3  0.000000000  0.256608094  0.000000000<br>      4  0.000000000  0.384912141  0.000000000<br>      5  0.000000000  0.513216187  0.000000000<br>      6  0.111114564  0.192456070  0.000000000<br>      7  0.111114564  0.320760117  0.000000000<br>      8  0.111114564  0.449064164  0.000000000<br>      9  0.111114564  0.577368211  0.000000000<br>     10  0.222229128  0.384912141  0.000000000<br>     11  0.222229128  0.513216187  0.000000000<br>     12  0.333343692  0.577368211  0.000000000</div><div><br></div><div><b>%% frequencies at Gamma-point from full dispersion calculation for conv_thr=1.0d-12</b><br></div><div>    Diagonalizing the dynamical matrix<br><br>    q = (   0.000000000  0.000000000  0.000000000 )<br><br> **************************************************************************<br>    freq (   1) =     -1.943043 [THz] =    -64.812924 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   2) =     -1.943043 [THz] =    -64.812924 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   3) =     -1.146697 [THz] =    -38.249699 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   4) =      3.920804 [THz] =    130.783951 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   5) =      3.920804 [THz] =    130.783951 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   6) =      5.875260 [THz] =    195.977567 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   7) =      6.291059 [THz] =    209.847157 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   8) =      6.291059 [THz] =    209.847157 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   9) =      9.352154 [THz] =    311.954277 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  10) =      9.352154 [THz] =    311.954277 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  11) =     10.025397 [THz] =    334.411240 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  12) =     10.025397 [THz] =    334.411240 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  13) =     10.807507 [THz] =    360.499614 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  14) =     14.986167 [THz] =    499.884708 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  15) =     14.986167 [THz] =    499.884708 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  16) =     16.034628 [THz] =    534.857602 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  17) =     16.034628 [THz] =    534.857603 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  18) =     17.202121 [THz] =    573.801000 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  19) =     17.410826 [THz] =    580.762646 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  20) =     20.676124 [THz] =    689.681265 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  21) =     22.349113 [THz] =    745.486162 [cm-1]</div><div><br></div><div>(In my past simulations of various materials where I've achieved a good dispersion, I've noticed that small negative/imaginary frequencies near the gamma-point for acoustic modes are ok..)<br></div><div><br></div><b>%% frequencies at second q-point from full dispersion calculation after loosening conv_thr to 2.0d-8 due to convergence issues<br></b><div><div><div><b></b><div><div>    Diagonalizing the dynamical matrix<br><br>    q = (   0.000000000  0.128304047  0.000000000 )<br><br> **************************************************************************<br>    freq (   1) =    -58.972744 [THz] =  -1967.119008 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   2) =    -57.240460 [THz] =  -1909.336227 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   3) =    -48.504741 [THz] =  -1617.944007 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   4) =    -44.973984 [THz] =  -1500.170631 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   5) =    -24.011317 [THz] =   -800.931308 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   6) =    -20.216067 [THz] =   -674.335394 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   7) =    -14.459694 [THz] =   -482.323488 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   8) =      5.896048 [THz] =    196.671001 [cm-1]<br>    freq (   9) =     10.557595 [THz] =    352.163448 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  10) =     12.651229 [THz] =    421.999584 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  11) =     15.876635 [THz] =    529.587523 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  12) =     19.799490 [THz] =    660.439907 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  13) =     21.309016 [THz] =    710.792280 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  14) =     24.971802 [THz] =    832.969663 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  15) =     25.083773 [THz] =    836.704597 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  16) =     25.193004 [THz] =    840.348172 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  17) =     32.881094 [THz] =   1096.795223 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  18) =     41.517549 [THz] =   1384.876376 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  19) =     68.062454 [THz] =   2270.319090 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  20) =     71.147302 [THz] =   2373.218533 [cm-1]<br>    freq (  21) =     72.136680 [THz] =   2406.220630 [cm-1]<br></div></div><div><br></div><div>I've bolded part of the forces output above that shows a large negative pressure in the z-direction. It is unclear to me if that would cause such behavior. <br><div><br></div><div>If anyone notices an error in my input files or has had some experience with MXene structures please feel free to chime in. Any advice is greatly appreciated.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Cheers,</div><div>Cameron<br></div><div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div>NanoEnergy and Thermophysics Lab<br></div>Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. <br></div>University of Massachusetts Amherst<br></div></div>
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