<div dir="ltr"><div>Thank you so much. I appreciate your response.<br></div>Kind regards.<br><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Oct 18, 2016 at 4:54 PM, Mostafa Youssef <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:myoussef@mit.edu" target="_blank">myoussef@mit.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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<div style="direction:ltr;font-family:Tahoma;color:#000000;font-size:10pt">Dear Mulwa Winfred,
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<div>Substituting cations such as Nd3+ on anion site (O-site) in TiO2 is not expected to be favorable energetically. One good reason comes from the simple ionic picture. Nd3+ will repel the surrounding Ti4+. </div>
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<div>However, in spite of this I doubt the value of 634 eV. Recall that calculating the formation energy of Nd defects in TiO2 requires a reference state for Nd; for example Nd2O3. </div>
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<div>Regards,</div>
<div>Mostafa Youssef </div>
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