To QE developers,<br> In the examples of X-ray Spectrum calculations, I noticed that for diamond, there are two different calculations. In one of them (the so-called Z approximation), 8 normal carbon atoms are employed. In the other one (Z+1 approximation), in addition to 7 normal carbon atoms, a special carbon atom is employed with a fixed hole in its valence (basically, it is N atom. Correct me if I am wrong.) What I am confused is that in the Z+1 approximation, the input file specifies the number of electron to be 8*4=32. Since the special carbon atom has valence 5 (instead of 4), the system is charged. However, my understanding of x-ray absorption is that an incoming photon excites an electron from 1s state into the conduction band. If that is the case, then why not run a charge neutral calculation, i.e. nele = 7*4+5=33, and the resulting system is metallic?<br>
Thank you.<br><br>Hanghui Chen<br>Department of Physics <br>Yale University <br>