<div dir="ltr"><p>Dear PWSCF users,<br> In order to check whether the forces in the 'sawtooth' method are calculated correctly in the latest version-4.0.2(no offense intended), we carry out the following test. We calculate an isolated symmetric 5-layer STO slab (input file is attached below). In the absence of electric field, there are no forces on the middle TiO2 layer due to symmetry. Then we turn on a weak electric field (0.0001 a.u.) and obtain the forces on Ti and on O are 0.00046 and -0.00013 Ry/au, respectively (in the middle TiO2 layer). Therefore the Born effective charges of Ti and O are approximately </p>
<p>e*(Ti)=0.00046/0.0001/2= 2.3<br>e*(O)=-0.00013/0.0001/2= -0.65</p>
<p>The factor '2' is due to the units. However from both phonon frequency calculation and literature, the Born effective charges of Ti and O are: </p>
<p>e*(Ti)= 7.25<br>e*(O)= -2.06</p>
<p>I am just wondering whether my method is correct. If it is correct, does that imply there might be something wrong with the forces in the 'sawtooth' method.</p>
<div>Thank you very much.</div>
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<div>Hanghui Chen</div>
<div>Department of Physics, Yale University</div>
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<div>&CONTROL<br> calculation='scf'<br> wf_collect=.true.<br> pseudo_dir = './psp'<br> outdir='.'<br> wfcdir='/scratch'<br> prefix='STO-5.5uc-EF0.0001-scf' <br> tprnfor = .true.<br>
tstress = .true.<br> disk_io='low'<br> verbosity='high'<br> dt=80.D0<br> tefield=.true.<br>/<br>&SYSTEM <br> ibrav= 6<br> celldm(1) = 7.27<br> celldm(3) = 10.0<br> nat= 27<br> ntyp= 3<br>
ecutwfc = 30.0<br> ecutrho = 180.0<br> occupations='smearing'<br> smearing=gauss<br> degauss=0.005<br> edir=3<br> emaxpos=0.8<br> eopreg=0.1<br> eamp=0.0001<br>/<br>&ELECTRONS<br> diagonalization='david'<br>
mixing_beta = 0.7D0<br> diago_david_ndim = 4<br> startingwfc='atomic'<br> startingpot='file'<br> conv_thr = 1.0d-8<br>/<br>&IONS<br> ion_dynamics = 'damp'<br> phase_space = 'full'<br>
pot_extrapolation = 'second_order'<br> wfc_extrapolation = 'second_order'<br>/<br>&CELL<br> cell_dynamics = 'damp-w'<br>/<br>ATOMIC_SPECIES<br> Sr 87.62 038-Sr-ca-sp-vgrp.uspp.format.UPF<br>
Ti 47.90 022-Ti-ca-sp-vgrp.uspp.format.UPF<br> O 16.00 008-O-ca--vgrp.uspp.format.UPF<br>ATOMIC_POSITIONS alat<br> Sr 0.00 0.00 0.00<br> O 0.50 0.50 0.00<br> Ti 0.50 0.50 0.50<br> O 0.00 0.50 0.50<br> O 0.50 0.00 0.50<br>
Sr 0.00 0.00 1.00 <br> O 0.50 0.50 1.00<br> Ti 0.50 0.50 1.50<br> O 0.00 0.50 1.50<br> O 0.50 0.00 1.50<br> Sr 0.00 0.00 2.00 <br> O 0.50 0.50 2.00<br> Ti 0.50 0.50 2.50<br> O 0.00 0.50 2.50<br> O 0.50 0.00 2.50<br>
Sr 0.00 0.00 3.00 <br> O 0.50 0.50 3.00<br> Ti 0.50 0.50 3.50<br> O 0.00 0.50 3.50<br> O 0.50 0.00 3.50<br> Sr 0.00 0.00 4.00 <br> O 0.50 0.50 4.00<br> Ti 0.50 0.50 4.50<br> O 0.00 0.50 4.50<br> O 0.50 0.00 4.50<br>
Sr 0.00 0.00 5.00 <br> O 0.50 0.50 5.00<br>K_POINTS {automatic}<br>8 8 1 0 0 0<br></div>
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